Study
Guide for Chapter 18 –The Age of Enlightenment
Terms and People to Know
Ch18
Sec1 (Pages 586-597)
philosophes
Francois-Marie Arouet
Voltaire Letters on the
English Elements of the Philosophy
of
Newton Candide
print culture
Isaac Newton John Locke An Essay Concerning Human
Understanding tabula rasa Unitarians
Samuel Johnson
The Spectator Joseph
Addison Richard Steele
Freemasons
Alexander Pope public
opinion
The Encyclopedia Jean Le Rond
d'Alembert
Ch18
Sec2 (pages 597-603)
William
Robertson Scottish Kirk
Deism Christianity not
Mysterious John Toland Jean Calas Treatise
on Tolerance
Gotthold Lessing
Nathan the
Wise Philosophical Dictionary David Hume
Of Miracles Inquiry
into Human Nature The Decline
and Fall of the Roman Empire
Edward
Gibbon Baron d'Holbach
Julien Offray de La Mettrie Immanuel
Kant
Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone
Baruch Spinoza
Moses Mendelsohn Ethics Theologico-Political Treatise Jerusalem; or, On Ecclesiastical Power
and
Jusaism Barthelemy d'Herbelot
Bibliotheque orientale Oriental
Library Simon
Ockley History of the Saracens George Sale Qur'an Fanaticism or
Mohammed the Prophet
The Persian Letters Montesquieu Spirit of the Laws
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Turkish Embassy Letters
Ch18
Sec3 (pages 603-610)
Social
Science
Cesare Beccaria On
Crimes and
Punishments physiocrats Francois Quesnay
Pierre Dupont de Nemours Adam Smith Inquiry into the Nature and Causes
of the Wealth of
Nations laissez-faire
four-stage theory Charles Louis de
Secondat, baron de Montesquieu Bordeaux
Academy of Science The Persian
Letters
Spirit of the Laws Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality The
Social Contract General Will Marie-Therese Geoffrin
Julie de Lespinasse
Claudine de Tencin salons saloniers
Marquise de Pompadour Vindication
of the Rights of Women Mary
Wollstonecraft
Ch18
Sec4 (pages 610-623)
History
of the Russian Empire under Peter the
Great Enlightened Absolutism
or
Despotism Frederick II ( The Great )
Joseph II
Toleration
patent of Austria Josephinism Leopold II Peter
the Great
Catherine I Peter II Anna
Ivan VI Elizabeth Peter III
Anhalt Zerbst
Catherine the Great Charter
of
the Nobility Treaty of
Kuchuk-Kainardji
First Partition of Poland Danzig
Corridor Galicia
Second
Partition of 1793 Third
Partition of
1795
Ideas
to remember
•
How did the Enlightenment change basic Western
attitudes toward reform, faith, and reason.
What were the major formative influences on the philosophes?
• Why did the Philosophes consider organized
religion to be their greatets enemy? What were the basic tenets of
deism? How
did Jewish writers contribute to Enlightenment thinking about religion?
• What were the attitudes of the philosophes
towards women? What were Rousseau's views on women? What were Mary
Wollstonecraft's criticisms of Rousseau's views.
•
Compare and contrast of the mercantilists with those of Adam
Smith in
his book The Wealth of Nations.
•
Discuss the political views of Montesquieu and Rousseau. Compare
and
contrast their two views on government and the individual.
•
Describe and explain the Enlightened monarchs. Hw did they
support the
Enlightenment and how did they ultimately betray the ideals of the
Enlightenment.
Essays